Climate change adaptation indicators Global Goal on Adaptation Indicators: From Pledge to Practice Climate change is no longer a distant future threat—it is already reshaping lives, ecosystems, and economies. This growing reality has raised the stakes not only for reducing emissions (mitigation) but also for preparing societies to absorb and adapt to inevitable changes. Under the Paris Agreement, Article 7 sets out the “Global Goal on Adaptation” (GGA): to enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience and reduce vulnerability to climate change, with a view to contributing to sustainable development (UNFCCC, n.d.). At COP30 in Belém, Brazil, Parties reached a landmark moment by agreeing on a consolidated set of 59 voluntary, non-prescriptive indicators to track progress toward that goal (COP30, 2025; LSE, 2025). While this is an important milestone, the shift from pledge to practice will require serious work on definition, governance, measurement, financing, and equity. Thi...
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